英語被動語態讀書筆記

英語被動語態讀書筆記

　　在英語的語法中，主動語態是主語動作的執行者，而被動語態就是承受者。下面是學習啦小編精心為您整理的英語被動語態讀書筆記，希望您喜歡!

　　一、被動語態定義：

　　被動語態(passive voice)是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關系。

　　二、被動語態的結構

　　那么，英語中被動語態是怎么樣構成的呢?請看下面的例句(注意劃線部分)：

　　His bicycle was stolen.

　　The building has been built in 2000.

　　通過上面的例句，可以看出，“被動語態”的構成是：

　　be + 過去分詞 + (by+動作執行者)

　　三、被動語態的運用

　　什么情況下要用被動語態呢?一般地說，有下面幾種情況：

　　(1) 不知道誰是動作的執行者或沒有必要。例如：

　　Paper is made from wood. (紙是由木材生產出來的。)

　　The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. (這座房子太舊了。它是1950年建成的。)

　　He was wounded in the fight. (他在戰斗在受傷了。)

　　Electricity is used to run machines. (電是用來開動機器的。)

　　(2) 需要強調動作的對象時。例如：

　　Calculator can't be used in the maths exam.

　　(計算器不能用于數學考試。)

　　Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. (閱覽室的書籍和報紙不準帶走。)

　　He was awarded first prize in that contest.

　　(他在比賽中獲得了第一。)

　　(3)為了使語氣婉轉，避免提到是誰做的這件事。例如：

　　The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. (新實驗室必須在下個月底前完工。)

　　四、各種時態的被動語態舉例

　　一般地講，被動語態可用于英語的各種時態。為了能準確地運用被動語態，重點是要掌握be動詞的各種時態變化。各種時態的被動語態舉例如下：

　　1、 一般現在時的被動語態. am / is / are + 動詞的過去分詞

　　Our classroom is cleaned every day.

　　This car is made in China.

　　2、一般過去式的被動語態: was / were + 動詞的過去分詞

　　His desk was cleaned just now.

　　The station was built in 1928.

　　3、現在進行時的被動語態: am / is / are + being + 動詞的過去分詞

　　A new factory is being built in our city now.

　　Some trees are being cut down in the park.

　　4、過去進行時的被動語態: was / were + being + 動詞的過去分詞

　　A new factory was being built in our city at that time.

　　Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.

　　5、一般將來時的被動語態:

　　(A) will / shall + be + 動詞的過去分詞

　　(B) am / is / are + going to be +動詞的過去分詞.

　　Some new factories will be built in our city this year.

　　Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.

　　6、過去將來時的被動語態: (1).would / should + be + 動詞的過去分詞 (2).was / were +going to be + 動詞的過去分詞.

　　She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.

　　He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.

　　7、現在完成時的被動語態:have / has + been + 動詞的過去分詞

　　Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.

　　Your watch has been mended already.

　　8、過去完成時的被動語態:had + been + 動詞的過去分詞

　　He said that some new factories had been built in the city.

　　I didn’t know that my watch had been mended .

　　9、含情態動詞的被動式：can/may/must + be + done

　　例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this.

　　五、主動語態改成被動語態方法

　　把主動語態改為被動語態非常簡單，可以遵循以下幾個步驟：

　　1. 將主動語態的賓語作被動語態的主語;

　　2. 謂語動詞變為“be+及物動詞的過去分詞”，并通過be的變化來表達出不同的時態;

　　3主動語態的主語變為介詞by的賓語，組成介詞短語放在被動結構中的謂語動詞之后。(有時by的短語可以省略);

　　例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.