逗號(hào)的用法匯總集合

　　中文也有逗號(hào)啦，反正小編也常常會(huì)把他們兩個(gè)弄混，不過這一次我有法寶，看下面，小編在這給大家?guī)矶禾?hào)的用法匯總集合，歡迎大家借鑒參考!

　　亂用標(biāo)點(diǎn)或漏用標(biāo)點(diǎn)，是同學(xué)們?nèi)粘懽髦谐７傅腻e(cuò)誤。一方面是因?yàn)榇蠹覍?duì)標(biāo)點(diǎn)不夠重視，認(rèn)為不就是一個(gè)“點(diǎn)”嗎?有什么大不了。一方面也是因?yàn)闆]有專門學(xué)習(xí)過標(biāo)點(diǎn)的用法。

　　今天我們?cè)敿?xì)講解下逗號(hào)的用法，希望大家對(duì)功能強(qiáng)大的逗號(hào)多一點(diǎn)了解，以后寫作多一點(diǎn)真誠(chéng)，少一點(diǎn)隨意。

　　廢話不多說，先上一句看起來像被雷劈過的句子

　　What we today call American folk art was, indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday 'folks' who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits.

　　你內(nèi)心的mmp我已經(jīng)清楚地聽到了。等我們把用法都講過一遍，你就知道這里面的每一個(gè)逗號(hào)都有什么用，以及這句話到底什么意思。

　　逗號(hào)的六種用法

　　1. 分隔連續(xù)并列的各項(xiàng)

　　3個(gè)或以上列舉

　　The street vendor sold watches, necklaces, bracelets, and earrings.

　　The pitcher adjusted his cap, pawed the ground, and peered over his shoulder.

　　The exercise instructor told us to inhale, exhale, and relax.

　　2個(gè)并列列舉用and就可以了，不用逗號(hào)

　　Chen Speaks Mandarin and Cantonese.

　　兩個(gè)描述型的詞(descriptive word)并列時(shí)，逗號(hào)的使用要根據(jù)語義。

　　Joe peered into the hot, still-smoking engine. “熱的”，“還在冒煙”的引擎

　　如果并列的兩個(gè)描述型詞語之間加上and聽起來很自然(natural)，例如hot and still-smoking 既熱又還在冒煙的，兩者的并列很自然，就可以用and隔開。

　　但是 Tony wore a pale green tuxedo. 這個(gè)句子里pale淺色和green綠色如果中間加“and”就聽起來很不自然，所以就不要加逗號(hào)。

　　The warm blankets comforted us as we heard the cold north wind blow through the pines. 這個(gè)句子里 "cold and north" “既冷又朝北的窗子”聽起來就很奇怪，所以就不要用逗號(hào)隔開了。

　　其實(shí)大家可以試著用“既...又..." 翻譯試試，如果描述的維度接近，聽著順耳，就是可以用逗號(hào)隔開的。

　　2.用于開頭，引入一個(gè)獨(dú)立分句(independent clause)

　　: 獨(dú)立分句就是能夠獨(dú)立存在的句子;與其對(duì)應(yīng)的是從屬句/從句，不能獨(dú)立存在 如although… 或 When... 引導(dǎo)的都是從句，都不能單獨(dú)存在。

　　看幾個(gè)例子

　　Therefore, I plan to quit smoking.

　　As a result, I feel terrible right now.

　　Nervously, I threw away my cigarettes.

　　Having smoked for 16 years, I find it difficult to quit.

　　*Because I have a chronic cough, my doctor recommended that I quit immediately.

　　*Although he had been first in the checkout line, Deion let an elderly woman go ahead of him.

　　*When the meal was finished, Rachel washed up and made coffee.

　　上面三句加*的句子是可以把主句和從句位置調(diào)換的，調(diào)換以后逗號(hào)可以省略(不會(huì)出現(xiàn)歧義)

　　*My doctor recommended that I quit immediately because I have a chronic cough.

　　*Deion let an elderly woman go ahead of him although he had been first in the checkout line.

　　*Rachel washed up and made coffee when the meal was finished.

　　: 如果開頭部分很短，有時(shí)可省略 After the war many soldiers stayed in France. 不過仍然建議大家每次都用逗號(hào)，避免出錯(cuò)。

　　3. 作插入語，提供一個(gè)非必要的信息

　　①The weather, windy and wild, created twenty-foot swells on the lake.

　　②Sue Dodd, who goes to aerobics class with me, was in a serious car accident.

　　插入語的前后都要使用逗號(hào)，插入的內(nèi)容只是額外補(bǔ)充(extra information)，并不是必要信息。判斷一個(gè)內(nèi)容是不是一個(gè)句子里的必要信息，只需把該內(nèi)容刪掉以后，再看句意是否完整。

　　比如上面這個(gè)句子，如果去掉who goes to aerobics class with me，就剩下

　　Sue Dodd was in a serious car accident. 句子信息仍然是完整清晰的，說明插入的部分是非必要信息，一定要加逗號(hào)。

　　但如果是下面這句:

　　③The woman who goes to aerobics class with me was in a serious car accident.

　　如果去掉who goes to aerobics class with me，原句就剩

　　The woman was in a serious car accident. 句意就不清楚不完整了 “到底是哪個(gè)女人出車禍了?” 因此這個(gè)信息是句中必要信息，不能使用雙逗號(hào)作為插入語。

　　大家應(yīng)該已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)②③就是平時(shí)常提到的非限定定語從句和限定性定語從句。

　　“限定”就是必須要修飾的信息，一旦缺少該信息句意就不完整，如句③

　　“非限定”就是沒有限定作用，只補(bǔ)充非必要信息，刪除也不影響句意完整，如句②

　　我們?cè)倏磧蓚€(gè)非限定定語從句的例子

　　Marty’s computer, which his wife got him as a birthday gift, occupies all his spare time. (去掉雙逗號(hào)插入的部分，句子信息仍然完整清晰 Marty的電腦占據(jù)了他全部的業(yè)余時(shí)間)

　　Hawaii, which became the fiftieth state in 1959, is made up of eight major islands. (去掉雙逗號(hào)插入的部分，句子信息仍然完整清晰。夏威夷由八個(gè)島嶼組成。

　　我們?cè)賹?duì)比下面兩組句子:

　　①Watership Down, a novel by Richard Adams, is the most thrilling adventure story I’ve ever read.

　　如果去掉 ,a novel by Richard Adams, 原句變成 Watership Down is the most thrilling adventure story I've ever read. Watership Down這本書是我讀過的最激動(dòng)人心的探險(xiǎn)小說。 ---- 句子信息完整清晰。

　　②Richard Adam’s novel Watership Down is the most thrilling adventure story I’ve ever read.

　　如果去掉書名 Watership Down 原句變成Richard Adam's novel is the most thrilling adventure story I’ve ever read. 句子信息就不清晰 "到底是Richard Adam的哪一本探險(xiǎn)小說呢?” 所以這句話不是插入語，而是句子必要信息，不能用雙逗號(hào)。可見插入語雙逗號(hào)的使用并不是隨隨便便，是有嚴(yán)格用法的。

　　4.連接兩個(gè)獨(dú)立句子

　　能夠連接兩個(gè)獨(dú)立句子的并列連詞有七個(gè): for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (可記做FANBOYS)

　　兩個(gè)獨(dú)立句子并列，使用逗號(hào)+連詞

　　Sam closed all the windows, but the predicted thunderstorm never arrived.

　　I like wearing comfortable clothing, so I buy oversize shirts and sweaters.

　　Peggy doesn’t envy the skinny models in magazines, for she is happy with her own well-rounded body.

　　Kelly was a convicted criminal, yet many people admired him.

　　如果單句都很短，可以省略逗號(hào)

　　Many people left but the band played on. (句子短，逗號(hào)可省)

　　I made a wrong turn so I doubled back. (句子短，逗號(hào)可省略)

　　如果主語詞只有一個(gè)詞，動(dòng)詞卻有兩個(gè)，不要使用逗號(hào)

　　The doctor stared over his bifocals and lectured me about smoking.

　　(一個(gè)主語the doctor，兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞 stared over和lectured，所以不用逗號(hào))

　　Dean switched the lamp on and off and then tapped it with his fingers.

　　(一個(gè)主語Dean，兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞 switched和tapped，所以不用逗號(hào))

　　特別提醒： 能夠連接兩個(gè)獨(dú)立句子的并列連詞只有FANBOYS 這七個(gè)，大家平時(shí)往往使用的是連接詞(是副詞), 不是連詞，如however, later, therefore, consequently, on the other hand, as a result, thus, instead, even, then等等。

　　最經(jīng)典的錯(cuò)誤長(zhǎng)這樣 Some of the food crops failed, however, the cotton did quite well.

　　however不是連詞，是副詞，只是連接詞，不能連接兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子。

　　這句可以改為

　　Some of the food crops failed. However, the cotton did quite well.

　　也可以用正宗連詞FANBOYS中的一個(gè)

　　Some of the food crops failed, but the cotton did quite well.

　　除了FANBOYS并列連詞，還有一類很重要的連詞 -- 主從連詞，如when, where, while, unless, after, before, since, because, so that, although, if, until 等，它們不能連接兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子，但可以連接一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)從句，例如前面用的例句

　　Because I have a chronic cough, my doctor recommended that I quit immediately. (Because引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語從句，注意是從句，是不能獨(dú)立存在的，后半句是可獨(dú)立存在的主句)

　　5.直接引語里的逗號(hào)

　　使用直接引語時(shí)，要使用逗號(hào)隔開。

　　The carnival barker cried, “Step right up and win a prize!”

　　“Please remember to watch the gap,” the conductor warned.

　　“I’m sorry,” said the restaurant hostess, “You’ll have to wait.”

　　6. 用作結(jié)尾補(bǔ)充附加的逗號(hào)(tag comma)

　　It is not logical, is it?

　　I love you, too.

　　I never liked long walks, especially in winter.

　　PS. 其實(shí)還有第7種用法(例如書信里的"Dear John, "和“Sincerely yours, " 但這種用法只在特定文本里使用，且大家比較熟悉，就不再單獨(dú)列出來講解了)

　　好了，逗號(hào)的用法講完了，我們重看開篇這個(gè)變態(tài)的句子

　　What we today call American folk art was, indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday 'folks' who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits.

　　, indeed,

　　, with increasing prosperity and leisure,

　　這兩個(gè)見用法3插入語

　　of, by, and for

　　見用法1第一條講解 --三項(xiàng)并列列舉

　　ordinary, everyday

　　見用法1第三條講解--兩個(gè)描述型詞語并列，如果加”and“后聽起來仍然順耳(natural) 則可以加逗號(hào)

　　, and especially for portraits.

　　見用法6 -- 結(jié)尾附加信息

　　這句話的中文意思是: 我們今天所說的美國(guó)民間藝術(shù)，確實(shí)，就是屬于人民的、被人民創(chuàng)造的、為人民而創(chuàng)造的藝術(shù)，隨著物質(zhì)財(cái)富和閑暇時(shí)間的日益增加，這些普普通通平平凡凡的人們?yōu)樗兴囆g(shù)，特別是肖像藝術(shù)，開創(chuàng)了市場(chǎng)。