如何準確推斷英語詞義
閱讀理解題型在高考試題中所占比例最大，在閱讀理解測試中，必然要考查對詞或詞組意思的理解。接下來，小編給大家準備了如何準確推斷英語詞義,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
如何準確推斷英語詞義
試題越來越重視對理解能力的考查，生詞的分布范圍越來越廣，不僅在閱讀理解、完型填空，甚至在單選題中，也出現了生詞，而且生詞量逐年有所增加。我們平時閱讀時，不可避免地會遇到一些生詞、熟詞的新義和由熟悉的單詞組成的有新含義的短語，要正確理解其含義，尤其是對詞組的理解切不可望文生義。那么如何根據短文已知信息快速準確地推斷出生詞的含義就顯得尤為重要。
常用猜詞方法
1.根據定義或解釋說明進行推斷
常見的一種情況是生詞的后面，用逗號、引號、或破折號引出對該詞的定義或解釋。另一種情況是在be，mean，that is(to say)或be called等詞出現的句子中，生詞是被解釋說明的表語，或是用來下定義的主語。
1)A surgeon is a doctor who cuts open the body of his patients and does operations.
根據句中的解釋，不難推斷出
surgeon的含義為“外科醫生”。
2)The new edifice，a twenty-four-story building，was completed last month.
從后文的解釋a twenty-four-story building可以推斷出edifice的含義為“高大的建筑物”。
2.根據構詞法進行推斷
英語中主要構詞法有三種：
轉化——由一個詞類轉化為另一個詞類
派生——通過加前綴或后綴構成另一個詞
合成——由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞
1)He insisted on staying up to nurse the child.
名詞nurse轉化為動詞，可以推出含義為“護理”。
2)Mr.Brown is a specialist in Chinese disease.
由構詞知識可分析出specialist的詞根是special，意為“特別的，特殊的”，“-ist”是名詞后綴，表示“…專業人員”，由此可以推出specialist意為“專家”。
在日常的閱讀中，要注意積累一些常用的詞根及前后綴。美國最暢銷書之一《如何增進你的詞匯能力》就把詞根譽為“打開詞匯寶庫的第一把鑰匙”，前綴后綴“是打開詞匯寶庫的第二和第三把鑰匙”。
3)Now all the fishing boats are radio-equipped.
由radio和equip這兩個詞合成了一個新詞radio-equipped，推出radio-equipped的含義為“裝備了無線電的”。
3.根據常識或經驗進行推斷
My legs are sore from running the race.
根據我們的經驗，跑完步以后腿會感覺“酸疼”，就可推斷出sore的含義。
4.根據文中特定的情景或上下文進行推斷
這是我們經常使用的一種方法。根據文章的描述或文章中常出現的上下文關系進行推斷。文中常出現的上下文關系有對比、轉折、反義、因果、同等或同義等。
1)Though Jack's face has been washed quite clean，his neck still remains1 grubby.我們可以通過前句“盡管湯姆的臉已洗得干干凈凈，推斷出他的脖子還是”臟的“。此處用的就是轉折關系。表示對比或轉折關系的常用連詞或副詞有：but，though，although，still，yet，however，instead，while，on the other hand.等。
2)The river is so turbid2 that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.通過因果關系，我們可以推斷出劃線部分的含義為“渾濁的”。表示因果關系的常用詞有：because，as，so，so..that，such…that.等。
3)In the ancient city of Rome，we visited every mansion，church，battle site，theatre and other public halls.根據上下文，推出劃線詞與church，battle site，theatre等屬于同等范圍，詞性為名詞，其含義應屬于”建筑物“的范疇。表示同等關系的詞常用and或or.
4)Zhou Bing has helped at least 500 people bitten by snakes.“It was seeing people with snake bites that led me to this career，”he said.
In 1972，after his army service，Zhou entered medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine.As part of his studies，he had to work in the mountains.There he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives.
根據上下文的描述，推出劃線詞的含義為”職業“。
■常見題型表達方式
1.Which of the following words can take the place of the word____in Para…
2.The expression“…”in line… is closest in meaning to_____
3.In line…，the word“…”means______
4.In line…，the word“…”can best be replaced by______
5.By“…”，the author means______
6.The word/phrase“…”as used by the author，means most nearly______-
7.In this passage，the word/phrase“…”means______
8.“…”，as used in the passage，can best be defined as______
9.The underlined word in the … paragraph means_____
10.“…”in the passage stands for_______
■請推斷下列句子或短文中劃線部分的詞義，然后借助詞典檢驗你的猜測是否正確
1.If you agree，write“yes”;if you dissent，write “no”.
2.Mrs.Blake left her five children with me while she shopped.I could not get anything done with the children on my hands.
3.She was getting impatient at having to wait so long.
4.Coin collecting is interesting，but you find a valuable coin only once in a blue moon.
5.The new edifice，a twenty-four-story building was completed last year.
6.At the age of sixty-six，Harland Sanders had to auction3 off everything he owned in order to pay his debts.Once a successful proprietor4 of a restaurant，Sanders saw his business suffer from the construction of a new freeway that bypassed his establishment and rerouted the traffic that had formerly5 passed.
7.The Internet has led to a huge increase in credit-card fraud.Your card information could even be sale in an illegal Web site.
Credit-card firms are now fighting against on-line fraud.MasterCard is working on plans for Web-only credit card，with a lower credit limit.The card could be used only for shopping on-line.
8.The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope，an instrument for listening to a patient's heartbeat and breathing.