八年級英語下冊第四單元知識點

八年級英語下冊第四單元知識點

　　英語是世界第一大語言，學好英語對以后工作、生活都很重要。下面由學習啦小編為你提供的八年級英語下冊四單元知識點，希望能幫到你。

　　八年級英語下冊第四單元知識點：重要詞匯和句型

　　1. get ( 1 ) 買 get sth. for sb. == get sb. sth. 為某人買某物

　　Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping ?

　　== Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping ?

　　( 2 ) 得到, 到達 Where did you get the book ?

　　When did you get the letter ? He got home late last night .

　　(3) 使, 讓 get + 賓語 + 賓補 使某人\ 某物 怎么樣

　　Please get you coat clean . Get your mouth closed .

　　get sb. to do sth. 使某人\ 某物做某事

　　I got him to call Jim yesterday .

　　(4) ( 逐漸) 變得…The weather gets warmer and days get longer .

　　Why did the teacher get angry ?

　　2. how about \ what about 后跟名詞\ 代詞\ 動詞ing形式。

　　( 1) 向對方提出建議或請求

　　How about going out for a walk ?How about something to eat ?

　　(2) 向對方征求意見或看法

　　How about the TV play ? How about buying the house now ?

　　( 3 ) 詢問天氣或身體情況

　　How about the weather in Hainan Island ?

　　How about your parents ? Are they living with you ?

　　( 4 ) 談話中承接上下文

　　I’m forty years old . How about you ?

　　I’m from Beijing . How about you ?

　　3. receive 收到 The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday .

　　receive a letter from == get a letter from == heard from收到某人的信

　　I received a letter from my parents last Sunday .

　　== I got a letter from my parents last Sunday .

　　== I heard from my parents last Sunday .

　　accept 接受 He couldn’t accept our suggestions but our gifts .

　　She was very glad to receive the invitation .

　　He didn’t receive a good education at university .

　　I received an invitation to the party , but I refused to accept it .

　　4. a 6--year – old child 一個六歲的孩子

　　6--year – old 是由 “數詞 +名詞 + 形容詞 ” 構成的復合形容詞, 作前置定語,

　　修飾后面的名詞child .

　　數詞+名詞+形容詞 構成的復合形容詞，中間的名詞要用單數形式：

　　a five-year-old girl 一個五歲的女孩

　　a six-foot-deep hole 一個六英尺深的洞

　　a two-meter-long ruler 一把兩米長的尺子 a 100-meter race一場百米賽跑

　　a ten-story-high building 一棟十層高的樓房

　　a two-inch-thick dictionary一本兩英寸厚的詞典

　　5. too … to… 太…… 而不能 ……

　　too 后跟形容詞或副詞原形, to 后跟動詞原形, 構成不定式. 句子的主語與

　　動詞不定的主語不一時, 可以在動詞不定式前加邏輯主語for sb.

　　He is too young to join the army ( 軍隊) .

　　The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out .

　　表示否定意義的never \ not 和too … to… 連用時表達肯定一樣.

　　One is never too old to learn .

　　too … to… 可以與 enough to 和 so… that … 轉換.

　　與enough to轉換 時, enough 前的形容詞, 副詞必須是too 后面形容詞,

　　副詞的反義詞, 并使用其否定句式.

　　She is too young to do the work .

　　== she isn’t old enough to do the work .

　　與 so… that … 轉換時, that 后面的從句要用否定形式.

　　Tom is too tired to walk any farther .

　　== Tom is so tired that he can’t walk any farther .

　　6. cost 1) 動詞 , 花費 \ 價值 (多少錢 )

　　How much did it cost ?

　　I didn’t buy it because it cost too much .

　　The meal cost us about 100 yuan .

　　(2 ) 名詞 , 成本, 費用, 價錢. at all costs不惜任何代價; at the cost

　　of 以 …… 為代價.

　　Living costs are higher in cities than that in the country .

　　We must stop it at all costs .

　　After the earthquake , the soldiers tried to reach the area at the

　　cost of their lives .

　　7. pay , spend , cost , take 的區別

　　pay 花費 ( 多少錢 ) , 主語是人. Sb. pay some money for sth.

　　I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week .

　　Spend 花費 ( 多少錢或時間 ),主語是人. Sb. spend some money on sth.

　　Sb. spend some time ( in ) doing sth.

　　I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week .

　　She spent 2 hours ( in ) doing her homework .

　　cost 花費 ( 多少錢 ) , 主語是物. Sth. cost sb. some money .

　　This jacket cost him 200 dollars .

　　take 花費 (時間 ),It takes sb. some time to do sth .

　　花費某人多少時間做某事

　　How long does it take sb. to do sth ?

　　花費某人多少時間做某事?

　　It took Liu Hong 2 hours to do her homework .

　　It takes me 10 minutes to walk to school from home .

　　It will take them 6 months to build the building .

　　How long does it take him to plant the trees ?

　　8. sleep , sleeping, sleepy , asleep , fall asleep , be asleep

　　sleep 動詞, 睡覺, 強調動作. I am very tired . I want to sleep .

　　He slept for 12 hours yesterday .

　　sleeping , Sleep 的現在分詞, 表示 “ 正在睡覺”

　　Don’t make so much noise . The baby is sleeping .

　　They woke up the sleeping girl and asked her where her parents were .

　　sleepy 想睡覺的, 困倦的. I am a little sleepy . I’d like to go to bed .

　　asleep 睡著了的.

　　The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school .

　　Would you mind turning down the TV ? The baby is asleep .

　　fall asleep 強調從沒有睡著到睡著的過程, 不能接一段時間

　　I couldn’t fall asleep until it was very late last night .

　　He listened to music and fell asleep .

　　be asleep 表示睡著后的狀態 , “ 睡著了”, 可以接一段時間 .

　　He was asleep for three hours .

　　9. choose 動詞, “ 選擇,挑選 ” , 過去式chose, 過去分詞chosen

　　choose to do sth. 選擇做某事

　　can’t Choose but 只得……

　　pick and choose 挑挑揀揀

　　There are many books to choose from .

　　We choose mike as our leader ( 領導 ).

　　Will you help me choose a dictionary ?

　　Everyone can’t choose but obey ( 服從 ) .

　　It’s her habit (習慣 ) to pick and choose while shopping .

　　10. present (1) 禮物, 禮品 == gift Why not give him a card as a present ?

　　what can I get him for a birthday present ?

　　( 2 ) 目前, 現在 I’m sorry he is out at present .

　　You have to forget the past and start living in the present .

　　八年級英語下冊第四單元知識點：

　　11. open ( 1 ) 動詞, 打開 , 開業, 開張, 展現

　　It’s not right to open other people’s letters .

　　Would you mind opening the window ?

　　The door opens to the south .

　　This factory opened in 1998.

　　( 2 ) 形容詞, be open 開著的, 開放的

　　In his dream the flowers are all open .

　　Most shops are closed but several are still open .

　　On weekends the swimming pool is open to the public .

　　close 動詞, 關閉, 關上 , 合上

　　Please close the door to keep the cold out .

　　closed 形容詞, be closed 關著的, 關閉的

　　when we got to the shop it was closed .

　　12 . give away 贈送 , 分發 give away sth to sb

　　Aunt Wang gave away the candies (糖果 ) to the kids .

　　John gave away his notebook to me .

　　其它短語 give up 放棄 give back 歸還 give off 放出, 發出(氣味)

　　give sth to sb == give sb. sth . 把某物給某人

　　13. rather than 而不是 …… 后面跟名詞, 代詞, 從句

　　The color seems green rather than blue .

　　If you ran rather than walked , you would have arrived earlier .

　　We depend on you rather than on him .

　　You should help them rather than they should help you .

　　prefer to do sth rather than do sth . 寧愿…… , 也不 ……

　　She preferred to stay at home rather than go with us .

　　He preferred to listen to music rather than play games .

　　Would rather do sth than do sth . 寧愿…… , 也不 ……

　　He would rather play than work .

　　I would rather take the slowest train than go there by air .

　　14. instead (1) 位于句首, 表示 “ 反而, 相反”

　　I didn’t go to the cinema last night . instead, I watched a football match on TV.

　　The boy didn’t sing to the music . Instead , he sang his own way .

　　( 2 ) 位于句尾, 表示 “ 作為代替, 而是”

　　Mr smith was ill , so mr green was taking his class instead .

　　I don’t like this one , please give me that instead .

　　instead of 后跟名詞, 代詞, 動名詞, 介詞短語.表示 “ 代替, 而不是”

　　I have come instead of my brother . He is ill .

　　We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator ( 電梯 ) .

　　He studies in the evening instead of during the day .

　　15. enter (1) 參加 == take part in \ join

　　More than one thousand sportsmen entered \ took part in the games .

　　My brother hopes to enter \ join the army next year .

　　( 2 ) 進入 ==come into \ go into

　　She entered\ came into the room with these words .

　　Did you see someone enter \ go into the house ?

　　16. encourage 動詞, 鼓勵, 激勵 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵某人做某事

　　Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves .

　　Our English teacher encourages us to keep a dairy in English .

　　17. progress 名詞, “ 進步, 進展” make progress “取得進步, 取得進展”

　　My parents are pleased with my progress in lessons .

　　Tom is now making much \ great progress at school .

　　They made no progress in the heavy snow .

　　18. suggest 動詞, 建議, 提議. 后跟名詞, 代詞, 動名詞和從句

　　she suggested a way out of the difficulty .

　　he suggested going home .

　　who suggested you staying here ?

　　I suggested we ( should ) hold a meeting .

　　19. take an interest in ( doing ) sth. 對 ( 做 )某事感興趣

　　否定表達是 take no interest in ( doing ) sth. 對 ( 做 )某事不感興趣

　　Do you take an interest in English ?

　　Most children take an interest in playing computer games .

　　He takes no interest in playing basketball .

　　be \ become interested in ( doing ) sth對 ( 做 )某事感興趣

　　I’m deeply interested in swimming .

　　She became interested in singing when she was only 7 years old .

　　20. Three good ways of improving English are mentioned .

　　提到了三種提高英語的好方法.

　　of improving English是介詞短語作定語修飾ways . 它相當與 動詞不定式.

　　Three good ways of improving English are mentioned .

　　=== Three good ways to improve English are mentioned .

　　Can you find a way to work out the problem ?

　　==Can you find a way of working out the problem ?

　　Fast is another way of saying quick .

　　== Fast is another way to say quick .

　　Mention (1) 動詞, “ 提到, 提及, 說起 ”

　　as mentioned above 如上所述

　　He often mentioned his past to me .

　　Nobody mentioned anything to me about it .

　　Did she mention where she was going ?

　　You mentioned in your letter that you might be moving abroad .

　　As mentioned above , there are many good ways to learn English well .

　　( 2 ) 名詞, “ 提及, 說起 ”

　　The newspaper made no mention of him .

　　21. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友

　　Would you like to make friends with us ?

　　I find it difficult to make friends with Ben .

　　八年級英語下冊第四單元知識點：形容詞、 副詞

　　一、形容詞

　　(一)形容詞的含義：表示人或事物的特征、性質、狀態的詞叫形容詞。

　　(二)形容詞的用法及位置：

　　1.作定語，放在名詞之前，不定代詞之后。

　　The nice girl is my sister .

　　I have something important to tell you .

　　2. 少數形容只能作表語不能作定語：alone , afraid , ill , asleep , awake , alive , well 。

　　3.作表語，放在系動詞之后。 He looks happy .

　　4. 作賓語補足語，放在賓語之后，常與make , leave , keep 等動詞連用。

　　You must keep your eyes closed .

　　Don’t make your hands dirty .

　　5. 某些形容詞放在定冠詞the之后，表示一類人。常見的詞有：good , bad , rich , poor ,

　　young , old , deaf , blind , black , white , living , dead 。

　　The young should be polite to the old .

　　Please don’t laugh at the poor .

　　6. 某些表示情感的表語形容詞后可接動詞不定式(to + 動詞原形)：

　　glad , happy , pleased

　　be sorry , sad , sure , kind + to do sth .

　　ready , afraid , able

　　easy , difficult

　　(三) 形容詞比較級和最高級的構成：

　　1.規則變化

　　(1)一般情況，直接在詞尾加er \ est 。

　　(2) 以不發音的字母e結尾時， 加 r \ st 。

　　(3)以“輔音字母 +y ”結尾時， 把y變為 i ，再加er \ est 。

　　( 4) 部分形容詞，先雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加er \ est 。

　　big , hot, fat , thin , red ,

　　(5) 部分形容詞， 在前面加 more \ most 。

　　beautiful , careful , important , delicious , difficult , dangerous

　　(6) 以ly結尾的形容詞，在前面加more \ most 。

　　friendly(友好的) , lonely(孤獨的) , lovely(可愛的)

　　Likely(有希望的) , daily (日常的), lively (有生氣的)

　　2. 不規則變化

　　good \ well --- better--- best many \ much --- more--- most

　　bad \ ill --- worse --- worst little --- less --- least

　　far ---farther (較遠的) \ further (進一步的) ---farthest (最遠的) \ furthest (最大程度的)

　　old ---older(年紀較大的) \ elder(年紀最大的)---oldest(較年長的)\ eldest (最年長的)

　　(四) 形容詞原級的用法：

　　1.說明人或事物自身的性質、特征或狀態時用形容詞原形。

　　The flowers in the garden are beautiful .

　　2. 有表示程度的副詞very , so , too, enough , quite 等修飾時，用形容詞原形。

　　The boy is too young .

　　3.表示A與B在某方面程度相同或不同時，用形容詞原形。

　　肯定句：A + 動詞 + as + 形容詞原形 + as + B 。

　　English is as interesting as Chinese .

　　Xiao Ming is as tall as Jim .

　　否定句：A + 動詞 + not as \ so+ 形容詞原形 + as + B 。

　　This book is not as \ so new as that one .

　　I am not so careful as Lucy .

　　否定句的結構相當于 A + 動詞 + less + 形容詞原形 + than + B 。

　　He thinks Chinese is less interesting than English .

　　4. 表示“A 是B 的幾倍”： A +動詞+ 倍數+ as + 形容詞原形 + as + B 。

　　Our school is three times as big as theirs .

　　This table is twice as long as that one .

　　5.“A + 動詞 +Half + as + 形容詞原形 +as + B”表示“A是B的一半”

　　Her room is half as big as yours .

　　(五)、形容詞比較級的用法：

　　1.表示兩者進行比較時，用形容詞比較級：A + 動詞+ 形容詞比較級 + than + B

　　Lily’s room is bigger than mine .

　　This mooncake is nice than that one .

　　2. 有表示程度的副詞a little , a bit , a few , a lot , much , even , still ,

　　Far , rather , any 等修飾時，用形容詞比較級。

　　I feel even worse now . It is much colder today than before .

　　3. 表示兩者之間“哪一個更、、、”：which \ who is +形容詞比較級, A or B ?

　　Who is taller , L i Ming or Wang Tao ?

　　Which sweater is more beautiful , the yellow one or the pink one ?

　　4. 表示“幾倍于、、、、、、”時， 用“A + 動詞 + 倍數+比較級 + than + B ”

　　I am three years older than you .

　　5.表示“兩者之間較、、、、、、的一個”，常用 “the +比較級”結構 。

　　Mary is the taller of the twins .

　　6. 表示“越來越、、、、、、”時，用比較級重疊結構，即“比較級 +and + 比較級 ”，多音節

　　詞和部分雙音節詞用“more and more +形容詞原形 ”

　　It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring .

　　Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful .

　　7. 表示“越、、、、、、就越、、、、、、”時，用“the +比較級 , the +比較級 ”

　　The harder he works , the richer he is .

　　The more we get together , the happier we’ll be .

　　(六)、形容詞最高級的用法：

　　1.三者或三者以上的人或物進行比較時，用形容詞最高級。形容詞最高級前必須加定冠詞

　　the , 句末常跟一個in \ of 短語來表示范圍。

　　He is the strongest of the three boys .

　　Shanghai is the biggest city in china .

　　2. 表示“三者或三者以上的人或物，哪一個最、、、、、、?”用句型：

　　Which \ who is + the + 最高級 , A , B , or C ?

　　Which city is the most beautiful , Beijing , Shanghai or Fuzhou ?

　　3. 表示“最、、、、、、的、、、、、、之一” 時，用句型：

　　主語 + is + one of the +形容詞最高級 +名詞復數 。

　　Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers .

　　4. 形容詞最高級前面可加序數詞，表示“第幾大 / 長 / 高 等”

　　Changjiang River is the first longest river in China .

　　5. 形容詞最高級前面可以有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等修飾，此時不用the 。

　　This is our last lesson . Yesterday was his busiest day .

　　6. 形容詞比較級結構可以表示最高級含義。

　　Li Lei is the tallest student in his class .

　　== Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class .

　　== Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class .

　　== Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class .

　　==No one is as tall as Li Lei in his class .

　　==No one is taller than Li Lei in his class .

　　== Li Lei is taller than any of the other students in his class .

　　== Li Lei is taller than the rest of students in his class .

　　(七)、--ing 形容詞與--ed 形容詞：

　　--ing 形容詞表示“令人、、、、、、的”， 表示主動意義，多指事物對人的影響，一般修飾或說明事物。如：surprising(令人驚訝的) , exciting (令人興奮的), interesting(有趣的) 等。--ed 形容詞表示“感到、、、、、、的”，表示被動意義，多指人對事物的感受，主語一般是人：sb. + be +--ed 形容詞 + 介詞短語 。 如：surprised(感到驚訝的) , excited(感到興奮的) ,

　　Interested(感到有趣的) 等。

　　We are all excited about the exciting news .

　　(八)在同一范圍內比較時，必須把主體排除在被比較的范圍之外。

　　China is larger than any other country in Asia .( 在同一范圍內)

　　China is larger than any country in Africa . (在不同范圍內)

　　二、副詞：用來說明時間、地點、程度、方式等概念，主要修飾動詞、形容詞、其它副詞

　　或整個句子。

　　( 一).副詞的分類：

　　1.時間副詞：now , then , today , tomorrow , yesterday , before , ago , soon ,

　　Immediately , lately , early ,sometimes , often , always , usually , already ,

　　Yet , ever , never , seldom 。時間副詞是確定句子時態的重要標志，需牢記。

　　2.地點副詞：outside , inside , upstairs , here , there , home , near , away ,

　　In , back , off , up , anywhere 。

　　3.方式副詞：quickly , happily , loudly , suddenly , luckily , badly , easily ,

　　fast , again 。方式副詞大多由“形容詞 +y ”構成。

　　4.程度副詞：very , quite , rather , too , much , so .

　　5. 疑問副詞：when , where , why , how long , how soon , how often ,

　　How far . 疑問副詞常用來構成特殊疑問句。

　　6.關系副詞：when , where , why , how 等。關系副詞常用來引導從句。

　　(一)副詞的用法：

　　1.作狀語，用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其它副詞或整個句子。

　　Please listen to me carefully . The boy is too young .

　　Luckily , he was not badly hurt .

　　2. 作表語，表示方位上的變化： My father will be back in a week .

　　3. 作賓語補足語。 Let him in , please .

　　(三) 副詞的位置：

　　1.一般副詞作狀語時，放在謂語動詞之后，如果謂語動詞之后帶有賓語，則放在賓語后。

　　We all study hard . He is drawing a horse carefully .

　　2. 頻度副詞作狀語時放在be動詞、助動詞、情態動詞之后，行為動詞之前。

　　He is always late for school .

　　I often go to see my grandparents on Sunday .

　　3. 某些副詞為了強調上下句的銜接，放在句子之前。

　　Suddenly he had a good idea .

　　4. enough 修飾形容詞或副詞時，要放在形容詞或副詞的后面。

　　The boy is old enough to go to school .

　　He got up early enough to catch the train .

　　(四) 副詞比較級、最高級的用法：

　　1.副詞比較級、最高級的構成方法和形容詞比較級、最高級的構成方法基本相同。

　　2.表示“A不如B”時，使用：A + 助動詞+ not + 動詞原形 + as \ so + 副詞原形+ as+ B .

　　還可使用：A + 動詞+ less +副詞原形 + than + B

　　Bill didn’t do his homework as carefully as Jim .

　　==Bill did his homework less carefully than Jim .

　　3. 副詞最高級前一般不加定冠詞the 。

　　Lin Tao did best in English of all .

　　(五)易混詞辨析：

　　1. hard , hardly

　　hard意為“努力地，辛苦地，劇烈地，猛烈地”，是程度副詞。

　　hardly意為“幾乎不”，是否定副詞。

　　As students , we should study hard .

　　I can hardly catch up with you , can you walk slowly ?

　　2. too , also , either

　　too一般用于肯定句，常放在句尾;also常放在be動詞或助動詞之后，行為動詞

　　之前;either用于否定句，常放在句尾。

　　You are a student . I am a student , too.

　　They are also students . I don’t like the film , either .

　　5. too , enough , so

　　too 表示 “太，很”, too …to … 表示“太、、、、、、而不能、、、、、、”

　　enough表示“足夠”， “形容詞 / 副詞+ enough to…”表示“足夠、、、、、、能、、、、、、”。

　　so表示“如此”， “so … that …”表示“ 如此、、、、、、以致、、、、、、”

　　The man is too old to look after himself .

　　The boy runs fast enough to win the game .

　　The camera is so expensive that I can’t afford it .

　　6. already , yet

　　already用于肯定句，yet用于否定句和疑問句末尾。

　　I have already finished my homework .

　　== I have finished my homework already.

　　Have you finished your homework yet ?

　　I haven’t had lunch yet .