墨子的英文簡介
墨子的英文簡介
墨子，東周春秋末期戰(zhàn)國初期宋國人，他是墨家學(xué)派的創(chuàng)始人，也是戰(zhàn)國時期著名的思想家、教育家、科學(xué)家、軍事家。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的墨子的英文簡介，供大家參閱!
墨子簡介
Mozi (birth and death unknown), name Zhai (dí), the beginning of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty Spring and Autumn period Song Dynasty people, one said Luyang, one that Teng people. Mozi is the descendants of the Song Dynasty nobility, served as the Song Dynasty doctor. He was the founder of the Mohist school and the famous thinker, educator, scientist, and military strategist during the Warring States Period.
Mozi is the only philosopher of Chinese origin in the history of China. Mozi founded the Mohist doctrine. Mohism had a great influence in the pre-Qin period, and it was called "the science". He made a "love", "non-attack", "Shangxian", "Shang Tong", "Tianzhi", "Ming ghost", "non-life", "non-fun", " "And so on. To love as the core, to save, Shangxian as the fulcrum. Mozi founded in the Warring States period to geology, physics, optics to highlight the achievements of a set of scientific theory. At the time of the hundred schools of thought contend, there are "non-Ru Jimo," said. After the death of Mozi, Mohist is divided into the phase of the ink, the husband of the ink, Dentham's ink three schools. His disciples according to Mozi life deeds of historical materials, to collect their quotations, completed the "Mozi" a book handed down.
墨子人物生平
Family background
Mozi Mozi's ancestors is the royal family of the Shang Dynasty, he is Song Guojun Song Xianggong's brother of the descendants of the prodigal son of the first generation of Song Xianggong large Sima, and later his descendants from the aristocracy for the civilian population. After the simple ink name.
About four years in the late spring and early Zhou Jing Wang (about 480 BC, one said that BC 476 years), Mo Ji Ji added Takako, Mozi came into being. Although its ancestors are aristocrats, but Mozi is the only Chinese history, a peasant origin philosopher.
Early experience
As a civilian, Mozi in the youth did her husband, learned carpenter. It is said that his ability to produce defensive equipment than the public transport class even clever. He claimed to be "I", was called "commoner". As the descendants of the aristocratic descent, he naturally also received essential cultural education, "Historical Records" recorded Mo has done Song Guo doctor. Mozi is a scholar who has considerable cultural knowledge and is close to small producers and peasants. Boasted that "no matter on the king, no farming under the hardships", is a sympathy "farmers and workers of the people" of the scholars. In his hometown, the torrent of the Yellow River rushing east, Mozi determined to go out to visit the world famous teacher, learn to rule the country, to restore their ancestors had glory.
Under the teacher
Mozi wearing sandals, walking the world, began to study around Mozi had studied Confucianism from the teacher, studied Confucius Confucianism, praised Yao and Shun Yu, and studied Confucian classics such as "poem", "book" and "spring and autumn". But Mozi criticized the Confucian scholars to treat the emperor, spirits and the fate of the incorrect attitude, as well as the funeral and funeral and extravagant ritual music, that Confucianism is talking about some of the nonsense, "so the back of the road and the summer government." From Mozi's criticism of Confucianism, it can be seen that there is nothing on the question of love. The term or concept used by Mozi to construct the system of love is basically the vocabulary of Confucianism, such as filial piety, mercy, benevolence, justice and so on. It shows that Mozi basically agrees and recognizes the value of Confucianism, only in the concrete direction Different interpretations to build their own theoretical system.
The creation of ink
Mozi finally ruined Confucianism, another new theory, gathered in all over the lectures, with fierce words attacked the Confucian and the vassal state of the tyranny. A large number of handicraftsmen and lower-level scholars began to follow Mozi, and gradually formed his own Mexican school, became the main opposition of Confucianism. Mohism is a school that preaches benevolence. Before the rise of the legalists representing the interests of the new landlord class, the Mohist was one of the largest schools of Confucianism in the pre-Qin period and was listed as "obvious." At the time of the hundred schools of thought contend, there are "non-Ru Jimo," said.
Wide disciples
Mozi's life is mainly in two aspects: First, the reception of disciples, and actively promote their own doctrine; the second is to spare no effort to oppose the merger war. To promote their own ideas, Mo Guangzhao disciples, the general believers disciples reached hundreds of people as much as the formation of a massive ink school school.
Travel around the country
Mozi in Song Zhao Gong had done Song Guo doctor. But later the status of decline, close to the workers. Mozi's trail is very wide, east to Qi, north to Zheng, Wei, and intend to Vietnam, but the final line. Mozi had to prevent Lu Yang Wenjun attack Zheng, to persuade Luban stop Chu Song Song. Mozi repeatedly visited Chu, offer to Chu Hui Wang. Chu Hui Wang plans to seal the Mexican book, but Mozi finally did not accept. Later, he refused the king gave him the fief, left the Chu. Yue Wang invited Mozi as an official, and promised to his five hundred miles of the fief. Mozi to "listen to my advice, according to my reason to do things" as a condition, rather than the fief and Jue Lu, the purpose is to achieve their political aspirations and ideological ideas, was rejected by the king. Mozi came to Qi in his later years, trying to persuade the project sub-cattle crusade against Lu, but did not succeed.
Ten claims
In the "Mo Lu asked", Mo Zhai put forward the top ten advocates of Mohism. "" "Love", "non-attack", "Shangxian", "Shang Tong", "respect for heaven", "things ghost", "non-music", "non-life", "section", "funeral". In his view, according to the different circumstances of different countries, targeted to choose the ten best ideas in the program. Such as "national faint", on the choice of "Shangxian", "still with"; the country is weak, on the choice of "section" "Festival funeral";
Mexican group
Mohist is a group of disciplined organizations, wearing short-sleeved shoes, to participate in labor, to suffer for the noble. If those who violate these principles, ranging from dismissal, while in death. The supreme leader of the Mohist called the "monk", the members of the Mohist are called "ink", from generation to generation, all Mexicans are subject to the command of the giant must obey the "giant" guidance, and even " Dead do not spin heel. "
The first moment is Mozi, later "moments" Meng Sheng, Tian Xiangzi, abdomen and so on. From the "moment" to implement the "Mozi of the law." Mexican "mom" abdomen living in Qin, his son to kill, this should be executed according to law. But Qin Hui Wang that old belly, only a son, ordered not to kill. The abdomen said that the ink of the law provides: "murderers die, wounded person." This is the necessary measures to prohibit the killing of wounding, it is in line with "the righteousness of the world", or insist on killing his son. This story vividly reflects the strict discipline of the Mexican discipline.
Because of this, ink is able to fight. However, the Mohist is a religious group, often easy to be used. According to "Historical Records" records, in the Chu old aristocratic Yangcheng Jun and other people engaged in reform and reform of Wu Qi, the ink "mom" Meng Sheng on the side of Yangcheng Jun. Later Yangcheng Jun fear to escape, Chu to recover its closure of the country. Meng Sheng Yangcheng Jun Shouguo, loyal to Yangcheng Jun. He passed "mom" in Tian Xiangzi, his own death for the Yangcheng Jun, many disciples from its death. From this story can be seen, ink who have "knight" spirit. As the Ranger in the history of Ranger, as the Ranger said, may not act in line with justice, but to speak, tell the letter, promised to do things must do. And action decisive, do not cherish their own lives, to save the distress of others.
Mohism three points
In Mozi later years, Confucian and ink par. After the death of Mozi, Mohist disciples still "full of the world", "countless", so although the Warring States period 100 philosophers, but "Confucianism and ink science" is the first of the hundred. After the death of Mozi, Mohism split into the phase of the ink, the husband of the ink, the town of Teng's ink three schools. "Chuang Tzu world" said the disciple of the phase, Deng Lingzi's disciples suffer, his teeth, that is, the two factions in the two factions. They are learning "Mozi", but different, each other attack each other is "Do not ink". In the present "Mozi", each has the upper, middle and lower three, about the Mohist division into three factions of evidence. According to Guo Moruo study, Mexican group to Qin Hui Wang, there are concentrated in the Qin trend. Therefore, from the fourth generation of "mom" from the time, the center of the Mexican has been transferred to the Qin.
Since then there are records, the East ink of the son, not thousands of miles into the Qin and see Qin Hui Wang. At this time the ink is still flourishing. But to the Han Dynasty, Mohism has died. Why is the Mohist death so fast? On this issue, the answer is very different, but also need further study. It is advisable to analyze the cause from the interior of the Mohist. Mohist and Confucianism, France, Tao and other home is that it is composed of ink by the religious group, with strict discipline, can go through fire and water, as death. These, as the average person is difficult to do. Pilgrimage is the Spring and Autumn period people, the legend is the chief disciple of Mozi, his word for the careful son. Poultry slim is once Confucian disciples disciples, learn in the sub-summer, after the transfer of investment ink, it has been concentrated ink.
墨子人物評價
Mozi is a thought giants, because he is a self-reliant portal, founded the Mohist doctrine; he is also a great love of the saints, because he is the history of China's two thousand years of civilization, the first standing in the bottom of the workers and the community He is indispensable in the history of China, because he and many saints together, to start thinking and confrontation, together to create a hundred schools of thought contend; he is still a scientist, is the first in Chinese history The role of the force, the principle of leverage, direct light, light and shadow relationship, small hole imaging, dotted line circle concept and many other fields have profound knowledge of people. Descendants of respect for Mozi as "Section St.".
Mozi on their own evaluation: "This is also the righteousness", that the "heaven", that the "days of Chi", that the "King of the Road."
Mozi's theory had a wide influence between the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period, once in parallel with Confucianism. But in the Confucian view, the Mohist doctrine is evil. "Xunzi into phase," said: "Rituals cut interest rates, saints hidden, ink line." But the critics of the Mexican critics are not against Mozi respect for the day, Ming ghosts. Some commentators believe that Zun Tian, Ming ghosts only Mozi and Mohist school propaganda of its ideological form, which shows the days of wisdom, Ming ghost is not the real thoughts of Mozi, but not the mainstream of Mozi thought.
Ban Gu "answer guest" said: "Kong seats are not warm, ink burst not Qian", that is, like the Confucius as Confucius as the world and all day long labor, even the mat will be warm and the stove of the chimney No. He "day and night endlessly to self-suffering", long-term running between the vassal state, to promote his political views.
"The achievements of Mozi in nature are not lower than those of ancient Greek scientists and philosophers, even higher than them, and his personal achievement is equal to the whole of Greece," said Mr. Yang Xiangkui, a famous contemporary scholar.
Chairman Mao Zedong spoke highly of Mozi as an ancient dialectical materialist.
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