2018年雅思考試詞匯：掛鑰匙兒童

　　很多現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不是兒童的人們大概都曾經(jīng)屬于這樣一個(gè)群體，脖子上掛串鑰匙，放學(xué)回家自己開(kāi)門(mén)，自己一個(gè)人在家待著寫(xiě)作業(yè)或看電視，餓了也只能忍著，等爸媽回來(lái)才能吃上飯。這就是我們今天要說(shuō)的“掛鑰匙兒童”。

　　Latchkey kid or latchkey child refers to a child who returns from school to an empty home because his or her parent or parents are away at work, or a child who is often left at home with little or no parental supervision。

　　“掛鑰匙兒童”指因?yàn)楦改赋鋈スぷ鳎苑艑W(xué)后獨(dú)自在家、無(wú)人照看的孩子。

　　The term refers to the latchkey of a door to a house. The key is often strung around the child's neck or left hidden under a mat (or some other object) at the rear door to the property. The term is claimed to have originated from an NBC documentary in 1944, due to the phenomenon of children being left home alone becoming common during and after World War II, when one parent would be enlisted into the armed forces, so the other would get a job。

　　這里的“鑰匙”指的就是房門(mén)的鑰匙。這些孩子一般都把鑰匙掛在脖子上或者藏在房子后門(mén)的門(mén)墊(或其它物件)底下。據(jù)說(shuō)，“掛鑰匙兒童”這個(gè)說(shuō)法來(lái)自于NBC(美國(guó)全國(guó)廣播公司)1944年的一部紀(jì)錄片。這部紀(jì)錄片講的是二戰(zhàn)以后，夫妻中的一方必須參軍，而另一方就得出去工作養(yǎng)家，因此，把孩子獨(dú)自留在家里的情況越來(lái)越普遍。

　　The effects of being a latchkey child differ with age. Loneliness, boredom and fear are most common for those younger than 10 years of age. In the early teens, there is a greater susceptibility to peer pressure, potentially resulting in alcohol abuse and smoking。

　　“掛鑰匙兒童”的身份對(duì)孩子的影響因年齡而不同。十歲以下的孩子最容易感到孤獨(dú)、無(wú)聊和恐懼。10-15歲之間的孩子們則會(huì)面臨更多來(lái)自同伴的壓力，可能導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果就是酗酒或者抽煙。