高考英語語法相關(guān)復(fù)習(xí)資料
高考學(xué)生英語語法相關(guān)復(fù)習(xí)資料
英語是高考的重點科目之一，也是同學(xué)們?nèi)蘸蠊ぷ骱蜕钪斜仨氄莆盏囊婚T語言，那么英語高考知識點有哪些呢?以下是小編整理的高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)資料，希望可以提供給大家進(jìn)行參考和借鑒。
高考英語重點語法總結(jié)：直接引語和間接引語
(一)直接引述別人的原話，叫做直接引語;用自己話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構(gòu)成賓語從句。直接引
語必須放在引號內(nèi)，間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時，除將引語部分變成賓語從句外，還必須對直接引語中的人
稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等進(jìn)行改變。
1.時態(tài)的變化：直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常受轉(zhuǎn)述動詞
said,asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態(tài)，即把原來的時態(tài)向過
去推，也就是一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時，等等。例如：
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2.人稱代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等等的變化：
根據(jù)意義進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化，例如：
She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”
→She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.”
→He said that those books were his.
(二)直接引語改為間接引語時，都使用陳述語序，但是因為原句的句式不同，所以變成間接引語時所用的連詞會有所不同
。直接引語如果是一般疑問句，用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問句，則用疑問詞引導(dǎo)間接引語。轉(zhuǎn)述的動詞一般用asked，
可以在其后加上一個間接賓語me,him,her,us等。如：
She said,“Is your father at home?”
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.
“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
直接引語如果是祈使句，改為間接引語時，要將祈使句的動詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據(jù)原句的語氣(
即請求或命令)加上ask,tell,order等動詞，如果祈使句為否定式，則在不定式前加not。其句型為：ask/tell/order someone
(not)to do something.例如：
She said to us,“Please sit down.”
→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,“Go away!”
→He ordered him to go away.
He said,“Don’t make so much noise,boys.”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
高考英語重點語法總結(jié)：各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)
被動語態(tài)概述
被動語態(tài)的概念：它是動詞的一種形式，表示主語與謂語之間的執(zhí)行或被執(zhí)行關(guān)系。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river.被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river.
被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
被動語態(tài)的形式是由“助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)等的不同而變化。幾種常見時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式如下：
1.一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+過去分詞
例如：Rice is planted in the south of China.
2.一般過去時was/were+過去分詞
例如：These trees were planted the year before last.
3.一般將來時will/shall+be+過去分詞
例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.
4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are+being+過去分詞
例如：Your radio is being repaired now.
5.過去進(jìn)行時was/were+being+過去分詞
When he got there,the problem was being discussed.
6.現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+been+過去分詞
His work has been finished.
Has his work been finished? Yes,it has./No,it hasn’t.
7.過去完成時had+been+過去分詞
注意：1.除了be之外的其它系動詞如get,stay等也可以和過
去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。例如：Their questions haven’t got answered.
2.含有情態(tài)動詞的謂語變成被動語態(tài)使用“情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
More attention should be paid to the old in this country.
This work can’t be done until Mr.Black comes.
3.含有“be going to”,“be to”等結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語，其被動語態(tài)分別用“be going to+be+過去分詞”和“be to+be+過去分詞”。例如：The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.
All these books are to be taken to the library.
4.被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別：“連系動詞+用作表語的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)，與被動語態(tài)的形式完全一樣，所以應(yīng)注
意它們的區(qū)別。被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞是動詞，多強調(diào)動作;系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，多強調(diào)狀態(tài)。前者通常可用by 引出動作的執(zhí)行者，而后者則不可以。例如：
The map was changed by someone.(被動結(jié)構(gòu))
That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))
系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞通常可被very修飾，被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞往往要用much修飾。
例如：He was very excited.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))
He was much excited by her words.(被動結(jié)構(gòu))
5.主動形式表被動意義。有些動詞的主動形式有被動意味，如 open,read,sell,shut,wash,wear,write等。此時句子的主語一般是物。
例如：These books sell well.這些書很暢銷。
The door won’t shut.這門關(guān)不上。
The clothes wash well.這些衣服很好洗。
高三英語語法知識點歸納
一、不定式做主語：
1、不定式做主語一般表示具體的某次動作。===動名詞doing表示習(xí)慣的，經(jīng)常的動作。
e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult.
To do such things is foolish.
To see is to believe. (對等)
注: 1).不定式作主語時,謂語用單數(shù)
2).當(dāng)主語較長，謂語較短時，常用it做形式主語，而將不定式放到謂語的后面。
it做形式主語，不定式放在謂語動詞之后常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：
(1)It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do…
(2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do…
It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary
(3) it is +a +名詞+ to do...
It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one’s duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job… to do
It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…
It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…
注意: probable和possible均可作表語，但possible可以用不定式作真實主語，而probable不能用不定式作真實主語。
It is probable for him to come to the meeting.(錯)
It is possible for him to come to the meeting.
It is possible / probable that he will come to the meeting.