英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：連詞的用法和從屬連詞
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：連詞的用法和從屬連詞
連詞：連接單詞與單詞、詞組與詞組、句子與句子、從句與主句的詞叫連詞。
連詞也是虛詞，不能獨(dú)立作句子成分。
連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩種，并列連詞用于連接兩個(gè)或者兩個(gè)以上并排列舉的單詞、詞組或者句子，從屬連詞用于連接從句和主句。
1.連接狀語(yǔ)的連詞最多
表時(shí)間：
before, after, when
as, while, since
till, until, as soon as
And before that? Before that, not even the sun, our good old sun,our good old sun, was there.
那么在那以前呢?在那以前，甚至太陽(yáng)，我們可愛(ài)又古老的太陽(yáng)也不存在。
Nike didn’twait until dinnertime until they sent out a press release saying they were suspending the relationship.
耐克在晚餐前便發(fā)布新聞稿表示將暫停和莎拉波娃的合同。
表?xiàng)l件：
if, if only(只要)
only if(只有),as long as(只要)
on condition that, provided (that)
We might cook this little mouse, if only we had some stuffing!
我們只要有一些填料，就可以煮了這個(gè)小老鼠。
You may keep the book a further week provided that no one else requires it.
倘若這本書(shū)沒(méi)有其他人想借的話(huà)，你可以續(xù)借一個(gè)星期。
表讓步：
though, although
even if, even though
though the buyer ended up stiffing him for half of that.
但是最后買(mǎi)家只給了一半的錢(qián)。
No fans will be permitted into the game even ifthey bought tickets.
即使買(mǎi)了門(mén)票，粉絲們也不能進(jìn)去。
其他：
whether, than, lest(生怕)
unless(除非)，because
as if, as though(好像)
so that, where, wherever
I shall look as if I were suffering. I shall look a little as if I were dying.
我將會(huì)像是很痛苦的樣子……我有點(diǎn)像要死去似的。
He said it’s as if the crew played a computer game.
他表示這就好像是車(chē)載人員在玩一款電腦游戲。
2.連接主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞
純連詞：
that, whether, if(注：if不能用于主語(yǔ)從句)
It is surprised for me that my father has much money.
使我驚訝的是，我爸有許多錢(qián)。
連接副詞：
when, where, how, why
Work hard when youare at work and have a good rest when you are free.
工作時(shí)努力工作，休息時(shí)好好休息。
That is why Ican’t catch the train.
那就是我沒(méi)有趕上這班火車(chē)的原因。
連接代詞：
what, which, who, whose
What will matter is not what you learned, butwhat you taught.
重要的不是你所學(xué)的而是你所授的。
It is superpower-in-waiting whose people vote,whose society is raucous, and whose firms are red-blooded and striding onto the world stage.
印度正在成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)超級(jí)大國(guó)，民眾擁有選舉權(quán)、社會(huì)充滿(mǎn)活力、商業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展大步登上世界舞臺(tái)。
3.從屬連語(yǔ)的用法
連接狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞只起連接主句與從句的作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分：
When he comes back, tell him to call me.
在他回來(lái)時(shí)，叫他打電話(huà)給我。
Nobody will feel pleased if you try to please everyone.
如果你想討好每一個(gè)人，一個(gè)也討好不了。
The students started their preparation one month in advance so that they could pass the test easily.
學(xué)生們提前一個(gè)月進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備，以便能輕松過(guò)關(guān)。
She talked asif she were still a child.
她說(shuō)話(huà)的樣子好像還是個(gè)小孩。
連接主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞(除that, if, whether外)有兩重作用：既連接主句與從句，標(biāo)志從句的開(kāi)始，又在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。
Who did it is still not known.
誰(shuí)干的還不知道。
(who既連接主句和主語(yǔ)從句，又在主語(yǔ)從句叫充當(dāng)主語(yǔ))
That is what they told me.
那是他們告訴你的話(huà)。
(what既連接主句和表語(yǔ)從句，又在從句叫當(dāng)told的賓語(yǔ))
說(shuō)明：
1.that, if, whether是純連詞，只起連接作用，不能在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。
2.連接主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞(除that,if, whether外)往往含有兩個(gè)(以上)單詞的意思和作用，相當(dāng)于“先行詞+關(guān)系詞”：
What she gave me is a secret.
她給我的東西是個(gè)秘密。
(what=the thing which)
That is why we get along with well.
那就是我們相處很好的原因。
(why=the reason why)
I know where he was born.
我知道他在哪里出生的。
(where=the place where，但由于where比the place where簡(jiǎn)單清爽，人們便喜歡用where)
注意：
中國(guó)學(xué)生常常只會(huì)用一些狀語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句，不會(huì)用主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句。所以，需要自覺(jué)地專(zhuān)門(mén)集中造幾十個(gè)帶有主語(yǔ)多句、表語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的句子，以此強(qiáng)化印象，培養(yǎng)習(xí)慣。
本文作者：丹丹英語(yǔ)(公眾號(hào)：英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí))
本文為原創(chuàng)文章，版權(quán)歸作者所有，未經(jīng)授權(quán)不得轉(zhuǎn)載!