英語單詞since的用法總結(jié)

英語單詞since的用法總結(jié)

　　下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理的一些關(guān)于since的用法總結(jié)，以供大家學(xué)習(xí)參考。

　　英語單詞since的用法總結(jié):

　　1) since +從句

　　Great changes have taken place since you left.

　　Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.

　　2) since +一段時(shí)間+ ago

　　I have been here since five months ago.

　　3) since +過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)　(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, last month, half past six)。

　　I have been here since 1989.

　　4) It is +一段時(shí)間+ since從句

　　It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.

　　since的用法主要有兩點(diǎn)：一是表示“自從……以來”，二是表示“既然”之意。但如果只了解詞的含義，而不了解其用法，在使用時(shí)就會(huì)造成錯(cuò)誤。例如：I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai.

　　不少人會(huì)望文生義，將該句譯為：“自從我住在上海以來，就再也沒有收到他的信了。”而實(shí)際上這個(gè)句子的譯文并非如此，那么正確的含義是什么呢?

　　下面談?wù)剆ince作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的用法。

　　一、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是終止性的過去時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從動(dòng)作開始的那一時(shí)刻起”。如：

　　He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自從他來到我們學(xué)校，他學(xué)習(xí)就非常努力。

　　We have been missing them since they left here自從他們離開這里，我們就一直很想念他們。

　　這是最常見的一種用法，此處不再多述。

　　二、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從那持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起”。如：

　　I haven’t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep 為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，sleep的動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)，即“醒來”時(shí)，這句應(yīng)譯為“我醒后還未聽到任何聲音”。

　　John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher約翰現(xiàn)在和父母一起住在紐約，他不當(dāng)教師已經(jīng)三年了。

　　本文開始出現(xiàn)的那個(gè)句子就可以譯為“自從我離開上海，就再也沒有收到他的信。”這種譯法常被人們誤用，我們不妨再多舉幾個(gè)例子看看：

　　How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?你離開(沒住在)上海多久了?

　　It is half a month since he was a League member.他退團(tuán)(不當(dāng)團(tuán)員)半個(gè)月了。

　　It’s been quite some time since I was last in London我離開倫敦已很長時(shí)間了。

　　比較：He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自從我病愈以來，他屢次給我寫信。(從句謂語為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞)

　　He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自從我生病以來，他就屢次給我寫信。(從句謂語為終止性動(dòng)詞)

　　三、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，則表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(說話時(shí)刻)，其表示的時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從動(dòng)作發(fā)生之時(shí)算起。如：

　　I haven’t heard from him since he has lived there。

　　這里has lived表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從：“開始居住”時(shí)算起。因此此句可理解為“自從他(開始)住在那兒起，我就一直沒收到他的來信”。

　　Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自從我們自己有了汽車，我們每年都去野營。

　　試比較：1. Since I’ve been at this school, we have had three headmasters.自從我到這所學(xué)校，我們已換了三個(gè)校長了。

　　Since I was at this school, they have had three headmasters.自從我離開這所學(xué)校，他們已換了三個(gè)校長了。

　　2.He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 自從我生病以來，他從未來看過我。

　　He has never been to see me since I was ill. 自從我病愈以來，他從未來看過我。

　　由此可見，since引導(dǎo)的從句持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的意思恰好相反。換言之，前者以肯定的語法形式反映著否定的邏輯內(nèi)容，而后者的形式與內(nèi)容是一致的。

　　至于It is +一段時(shí)間+since…的句型與It has been +一段時(shí)間+since…意思相同。前者是規(guī)范說法，后者是口語說法。

　　應(yīng)注意的是，在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，since引導(dǎo)的從句絕對(duì)不能用否定式的謂語動(dòng)詞來表示否定意義，下面兩句都錯(cuò)了：

　　It is a long time since he didn’t study English.

　　It’s two months since you didn’t come to see me.

　　正確的說法為：

　　It’s a long time since he studied English 他好久沒學(xué)英語了。

　　You haven’t come to see me for two months. 你有兩個(gè)月沒來看我了。