英文的優(yōu)美文章
英文的優(yōu)美文章
同學(xué)們想要提高英語(yǔ)作文水平，就是要多多看看英語(yǔ)文章篇，學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)一定不可以偷懶的哦，小編今天給大家整理了英語(yǔ)的文摘，同學(xué)們快點(diǎn)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下，這樣就可以提高一下我們的英語(yǔ)水平了哦
火柴的科學(xué)
Matches
火柴
Have you ever had a problem getting a match to light? If so, you might be using the wrong type of match. There are actually two different types of matches: safety matches and strike-anywhere matches.
以前你點(diǎn)燃火柴時(shí)有沒(méi)有點(diǎn)不著的時(shí)候呢?如果答案是肯定的，說(shuō)明你可能沒(méi)有用對(duì)火柴。目前有兩種不同的火柴：安全火柴，和那一種在哪里劃一下都可以點(diǎn)燃的火柴。
Safety
安全問(wèn)題
Safety matches are the kind that light only when struck on the striking surface on the side of a matchbox. A striking surface consists of sand, powdered glass, and a chemical called red phosphorus. The tip of a safety match is made of glass powder, sulfur, and an oxidizing agent–a chemical necessary to keep a flame burning.
所謂安全火柴，指的就是那種只有在火柴盒表面特定的，某一個(gè)可以劃燃火柴的區(qū)域上才能點(diǎn)燃的火柴。這樣的易燃表面是由沙子、玻璃粉、和一種叫做紅磷的化學(xué)物質(zhì)構(gòu)成。而火柴頭是由玻璃粉，硫磺和一種氧化劑組成 - 這種氧化劑則是保持火苗能持續(xù)燃燒的必需化學(xué)物質(zhì)。
When a safety match scrapes against a striking surface, the glass powder on the striking surface and match head rub together, creating enough heat to turn a bit of the red phosphorus on the striking surface into white phosphorus. The white phosphorus ignites in air, passing ignition across to the match head.
當(dāng)你用一根安全火柴去摩擦這個(gè)易燃的表面時(shí)，表面的玻璃粉和火柴頭相互摩擦，然后產(chǎn)生出了足夠的熱量，該熱量可以使得易燃表面的紅磷轉(zhuǎn)化成為白磷。白磷在空氣中會(huì)進(jìn)行燃燒，然后就點(diǎn)燃了火柴頭。
Chemical Reaction
化學(xué)反應(yīng)
This starts a chemical reaction that uses the oxidizing agent on the match to produce oxygen gas. Combined with the heat, the oxygen gas causes the sulfur to catch fire, which then spreads to the wood of the match. A strike anywhere match works almost the same way, except the red phosphorus is included in the match head. So, a strike anywhere match can be lit by striking the match against any hard surface.
這個(gè)過(guò)程中引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)化學(xué)反應(yīng)，在這個(gè)反應(yīng)中火柴上的氧化劑產(chǎn)生了氧氣。與足夠的熱量相混合后，氧氣引發(fā)硫磺著火，之后火苗就會(huì)逐漸延伸到火柴另一端的木制部分。那種在任何地方都能點(diǎn)燃的火柴，和這種安全火柴的工作原理都是基本相同的，但是這種火柴的火柴頭上就含有紅磷。因此，只要將這種火柴的火柴頭與硬物表面進(jìn)行摩擦就可以燃燒。
讀小說(shuō)開(kāi)闊視野
Literary Thinking
文學(xué)思維
Reading literature doesn’t just flex your powers of imagination, it also expands your capacity for creative reasoning. A 2013 study at the University of Toronto has shown that reading literature is excellent mental “conditioning” for becoming more open‑minded.
閱讀文學(xué)作品并不只是能夠鍛煉你的想象力而已，它還能拓展的你的創(chuàng)造力。2013年多倫多大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究表明：閱讀文學(xué)作品是一種極好的精神調(diào)節(jié)方式，它能夠使思維更加開(kāi)闊。
It turns out that reading fictional stories prompts a mental response that’s distinct from what happens when we read nonfiction texts like newspapers and essays. Literature releases you from the pressures of real‑world decision‑making, and lets you enter the mindset of characters who are often very different from yourself.
實(shí)際上，閱讀小說(shuō)故事所引發(fā)的心理反應(yīng)與閱讀報(bào)紙、散文這類非虛構(gòu)類文體的心理反應(yīng)是截然不同的。文學(xué)將你從現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的決策壓力中釋放出來(lái)，把你帶進(jìn)一個(gè)與你自身完全不同的人物思維中。
The Great Escape
大逃離
You may not be as imaginative or impulsive as Anne of Green Gables, but reading helps you see the world through her eyes. And while reading about and thinking like Anne, you’re reducing what psychologists call your need for “cognitive closure.”
也許你并不像《清秀佳人》中的安妮那樣充滿想象力，或是如她那般性格沖動(dòng)。但閱讀能幫助你透過(guò)她的眼睛看見(jiàn)這個(gè)世界。并且當(dāng)你像安妮那樣閱讀和思考時(shí)，你也是在降低你的“需求”，心理學(xué)家稱之為“認(rèn)知閉合”。
People who need a lot of cognitive closure get frustrated or anxious when they face confusing or complex situations. They often jump to conclusions before fully thinking through things.
一些人會(huì)在面臨令人困惑復(fù)雜的情況時(shí)變得受挫或焦慮，這時(shí)他們便需要一系列的認(rèn)知閉合。他們經(jīng)常還沒(méi)有思考完全就妄下定論。
This “closed” mental state can be damaging to rationality and creativity. Luckily, though, the simple act of cracking open a book and diving into its literary world opens the brain up to new ways of thinking.
這種“閉合的”精神狀態(tài)會(huì)對(duì)理性及創(chuàng)造力進(jìn)行破壞。不過(guò)幸運(yùn)的是，打開(kāi)一本書(shū)并投入其中的文學(xué)世界中這樣一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的舉動(dòng)就能夠開(kāi)放你的大腦，獲得一種全新的思維方式。
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