如何抓住英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀的主題思想

　　對(duì)于四六級(jí)來說，得聽力得閱讀者得天下，老師給考生分析了聽力各題型的解題策略，本次要重點(diǎn)給大家介紹仔細(xì)閱讀的解題技巧，Opportunity meets the prepared mind. 機(jī)會(huì)總是垂青那些有準(zhǔn)備的人。四六級(jí)改革后考生一定不能像以前那樣臨時(shí)抱佛腳了，必須根據(jù)自身的情況來制定一套合理的復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃。大綱要求考生能夠讀懂文章，并能進(jìn)行一定的判斷和推理，分析理解個(gè)別句子詞匯的意思，理解上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，理解人物的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度，要求考生每分鐘完成70個(gè)單詞。

　　如何抓住英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀的主題思想

　　一、抓主題思想。我們首先要學(xué)會(huì)識(shí)別文章中那些最根本、最具有概括力的信息。這種信息應(yīng)能歸納和概括文中其它信息所具有的共性。

　　例如：

　　Directions: Choose the most general word.

　　(A) chemist (B) physicist

　　(C) scientist (D) biologist

　　該問題要求找出最有概括性的詞。(C) scientist 符合題意，因?yàn)樗薱hemist, physicist和biologist，而(A)，(B)和(D)都指某一具體學(xué)科的科學(xué)家，不能概括其它的詞。因此，scientist最有概括性。

　　例二：

　　Directions: Choose the most general sentence.

　　(A) The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily.

　　(B) There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorictta Bay Inn.

　　(C) The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board.

　　(D) There are a number of extra services at the Glorictta Bay Inn including babysitting.

　　(A)， (C)，(D)都是從不同的側(cè)面說明旅館的服務(wù)情況，相互間并無聯(lián)系。而(B)卻概括了(A)，(C)和(D)的共性的東西，即：為什么旅客住在這家旅館 里有賓至如歸的感覺。因此，(B)符合題意。倘若在一段文章中包含了以上(A)，(B)，(C)，(D)幾條信息，那末，(B)就是該段中心思想。由于同 樣的道理，如果在一篇文章中，作者分段敘述幾方面的內(nèi)容，那末，這些段落所圍繞和要說明的問題就是該文的中心思想。

　　例三：

　　Directions: Choose the main idea of an article. (Following are the topic sentences of an article.)

　　1) A mounting body of evidence suggests that fighting violence with violence rarely deters a crime in progress and greatly increases the chances of changing a robbery into a violent attack on the victim.

　　2) One report shows that at least 100 thousand handguns are stolen from private owners each year, the vast majority during burglaries...

　　3) Moreover. a study of robberies in eight American cities states that in less than 4 percent of the crimes did the victim have the opportunity to use a weapon....

　　Which of the following best reflects the main idea of the article?

　　(A) What Happens to the Victim of Crime?

　　(B) Is Your Family Safe?

　　(C) Should You Arm Yourself Against Crime?

　　第一段和第三段提到了victims(受害者)，第二段中提到了入室行竊，但是這三段說明的共同問題是人們是否應(yīng)擁有自己的武器來反對(duì)犯罪行為。因此只有選擇(C)才能概括這三段所共同說明的問題，也就是此文的中心思想。

　　二、主題思想應(yīng)能恰如其分地概括文中所闡述的內(nèi)容。面不能太窄，即：不足以概括全部?jī)?nèi)容;但是面也不能太寬，即：包含了文中沒有闡述的內(nèi)容。

　　例四：

　　Directions: Read the following passage and choose the best central thought

　　Sugar history in the Hawaiian Islands is filled with pioneering. In sailing ship days, Hawaiian sugar growers were many months from sources of supplies and from markets. This isolation built up among the Hawaiian growers an enduring spirit of cooperation. Growers shared with one another improvements in production. Without government aid of any sort, they built great irrigation projects. Without government help, they set up their own research and experiment organization. Pioneering together over the years, they have provided Hawaii with its largest industry.

　　(A) In sailing days, Hawaiian sugar growers were many months away from supplies and markets.

　　(B) Hawaiian sugar growers built their great industry without government help.

　　(C) Hawaiian sugar growers have set up their own research organization and have shared improvements.

　　(D) By pioneering together, sugar growers have provided Hawaii with its largest industry.

　　(A)，(B)和(C)項(xiàng)只是文中提到的各項(xiàng)具體內(nèi)容，作為主題思想面太窄了，只有(D)項(xiàng)才概括了全文要說明的問題，因此，(D)是該文的主題思想。

　　要求抓主題思想的另一種形式是為短文選擇合適的標(biāo)題，因?yàn)槎涛牡臉?biāo)題常常也體現(xiàn)它所圍繞的主題或討論的中心。因此，為短文選擇標(biāo)題實(shí)際上也反映了對(duì)主題思想的掌握。