怎樣解答閱讀中的細(xì)節(jié)題

　　閱讀理解是考研英語(yǔ)的重中之重，與四六級(jí)對(duì)閱讀速度的側(cè)重有所不同，考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解更多地是考查精讀能力。因此，把文章讀透吃透很重要，同時(shí)在做題過(guò)程中要拿捏好分寸，在判斷正確選項(xiàng)時(shí)做到不偏不倚，客觀、準(zhǔn)確、公正。這才是做好2016考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的正確之道。

　　怎樣解答閱讀中的細(xì)節(jié)題

　　考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中細(xì)節(jié)考查題達(dá)到閱讀總題量的60%-70%。根據(jù)這一數(shù)據(jù)，如果我們?cè)陂喿x中，能夠快速準(zhǔn)確拿下細(xì)節(jié)題，那么不但能夠在閱讀中取得較高的分?jǐn)?shù)，而且能為寫作留出給多的時(shí)間。既然細(xì)節(jié)題在考研英語(yǔ)中如此重要，我們應(yīng)該怎樣去解這類題型呢?

　　首先我們應(yīng)該鎖定細(xì)節(jié)題在原文中的位置，一般可以通過(guò)題干中出現(xiàn)的人物、時(shí)間、段落提示語(yǔ)等關(guān)鍵詞確定原文中的答案區(qū)間，進(jìn)而找到關(guān)鍵語(yǔ)句。然 后把原文與題目中的選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比對(duì)，選擇與原文意思比較接近的并且符合題目要求的選項(xiàng)，正確選項(xiàng)一般是對(duì)原文內(nèi)容的同義替換。而這主要是通過(guò)詞匯的變換來(lái)實(shí) 現(xiàn)的，包括1.原詞重現(xiàn);2.同近義詞替換;3.反義詞替換;4.上下義詞替換。下面我們通過(guò)歷年真題來(lái)看一下如何利用詞匯技法來(lái)解答閱讀中的細(xì)節(jié)題。

　　1.原詞重現(xiàn)

　　The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical.。。”(2005 T 2)

　　27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________。

　　[A] a protector

　　[B] a judge

　　[C] a critic

　　[D] a guide

　　在找這道題的原文區(qū)間時(shí)，我們首先要鎖定題干中的專有名詞Bruce Alberts, 然后去原文中找對(duì)應(yīng)的段落和句子。通過(guò)分析science does provide us with the best available guide，即為science can serve as a guide. 選項(xiàng)guide為原文中的詞匯。

　　2.同近義詞替換

　　(1)Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. (2014 Text 1)

　　34.According to Paragraph 3，being unemployed makes one feel

　　[A]uneasy

　　分析：鎖定原文第三自然段，being unemployed 即為losing the job, uneasy是embarrassing的同義替換。

　　(2)What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. (2014 Text 1)

　　33. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?

　　[D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers。

　　分析：題干中prompt為motivate的同義詞，選項(xiàng)中passion為zeal的同義替換。

　　同近義詞替換在題干和選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的頻率較高，大家在記憶詞匯的時(shí)候需要了解?？荚~匯的同近義詞。

　　3.反義詞替換

　　In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. (2014 Text 1)

　　31. George Osborne’s scheme was intended to

　　[B] encourage jobseekers’active engagement in job seeking。

　　分析：reduce dependency即為encourage active engagement, active engagement是dependency的反義詞。

　　4.上下義詞替換

　　As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years。

　　31.The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as

　　[D] a handsome reward for researchers。

　　分析：題干中The Fundamental Physics Prize是a string of lucrative awards中的一種，The Fundamental Physics Prize是award的下義詞。另外，handsome為lucrative的同義詞。

　　通過(guò)考研閱讀真題的分析，大家應(yīng)該對(duì)考研中如何利用詞匯技法來(lái)選擇正確答案，例如原詞重現(xiàn)、近反義詞、上下義詞等詞匯的考察和運(yùn)用有了更深的了解。希望大家在以后的考研英語(yǔ)閱讀中，多運(yùn)用這些詞匯技法進(jìn)行解題，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)閱讀其實(shí)也很“簡(jiǎn)單”。