計算機的應用包括哪些呢？

　　計算機是人類科學技術上一項偉大的成就，如今計算機的應用范圍已經從科學計算擴展到人類社會的各個領域。計算機之所以如此普及，是由其自身特點所決定的。接下來小編為大家整理了計算機的應用包括哪些呢?希望對你有幫助哦!

　　Computer—Our Good Fellows

　　Whatever you are， a scientist， a manager， an architect， a lawyer， a notice or a successful scholar; and no matter whatever you are diligent， or lazy， in the modern work， study and life ， you always need our common good friends – computers.

　　A computer is an erudite tutor， and a talented secretary who can draw up documents， manage data， design blueprints， type papers and so on. Furthermore， the computer is the most obedient and diligent “house-keeper” or “servant” of housewives; it is also a game expert admired by children. Oh， the computer is really a welcome fellow of ours.

　　Expert System

　　An expert system is a software system having some domain knowledge， which can solve some problems for people. Its performance depends on the facts and the rules that are fed into the computer. The expert knowledge is gathered by knowledge engineers from human experts in the field such as medicine， engineering， or geology. For example， in the field of medicine， one question that might be asked of an expert system is whether one treatment is better for a patient than another one. An expert system has the capacity to store the collection of knowledge and manipulate it in response to user's inquiries， in some cases， it can explain responses to the user.

　　Office Automation

　　Office Automation (OA) is the application of the computer and communication technologies to improve the productivity of clerical and managerial office workers， The major functions of the OA system include text processing， electronic mail， information storage and retrieval， task management， and etc…… Today， there have been many OA systems， for example， desktop publishing， video conference， videotext and so on. So， many office workers can easily find the information they want through a personal computer sitting on his or her desk， It changes substantially the way people work in an office.

　　Artificial Intelligence

　　For many years， researchers have been exploring the way people think in hopes of creating a computer that thinks like a person. This is so called Artificial Intelligence (AI)。 It aims at producing a computer system that will be able to communicate with us by speech and hearing， and be capable of solving intelligent problems. One practical application of AI has been in the area of expert systems. An expert system is a computer program that solves the specialized problems at the level of a human expert.

　　Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI)

　　CAI is an educational concept that places the student in a conversational mode with a computer that has a preprogrammed study plan. The programmed course selects the next topic or phase of study according to previous responses from the student， allowing each student to process at a place directly related to his or her learning capability.

　　計算機——我們的好伙伴

　　無論你是一個科學家還是管理人員，無論你是建筑師還是律師，無論你是一個初踏學路的學生還是成就卓著的學者，無論你勤奮還是懶惰，在現代工作、學習和生活中，我們有了一位大家共同的好朋友——計算機。

　　計算機是一個知識淵博的家庭教師，是一個有才華的“秘書”，他能夠起草公文、管理數據、設計圖紙、編寫稿件等等，甚至，它是一個家庭主婦們最聽話、最勤奮的“管家”和“服務員”，它也是孩子們欽佩的游戲高手。噢，計算機是受大家歡迎的好伙伴。

　　專家系統

　　專家系統是具有某一領域的專業知識，可以幫助人們解決某些問題的軟件系統。它的運行以儲存在計算機中的事實和規則為依據。這些專家知識是知識工程師從相應的醫學、工程、地理等領域的人類專家那兒收集得到的。例如在醫學領域，可以向專家系統提問對某病人的一種診斷方案是否比另一種更好。專家系統具有儲存收集的知識并操縱這些知識對用戶的提問作出反應的能力，在某些情況下，它甚至可以向用戶解釋作出這種反應的原因。

　　辦公自動化

　　辦公自動化是計算機和通信技術在改善辦事人員和管理人員的工作效率方面的一種應用。辦公自動化系統的主要功能包括文本處理、電子函件、信息存儲和檢索、任務管理等。今天已經有許多辦公自動化系統，如：桌面印刷系統、電視會議、電視傳視等，所以，許多辦公室工作人員可以通過他們桌子上的個人計算機輕松地找到他們所需要的信息。這極大地改變了人們在辦公室里的工作方式。

　　人工智能

　　許多年以來，研究人員就開始探索人們思考問題的方式，期望創建一種能夠像人一樣思考的計算機。這就是所謂的人工智能。其目的就是為了建立一種計算機系統，使之能夠通過“聽”和“說”同我們進行通信，并具有解決智能問題的能力。人工智能的一個實際應用領域是專家系統。所謂專家系統是一個計算機程序，它能夠用人類專家的水平去解決一些特別的問題。

　　計算機輔助教學(CAI)

　　CAI是一種教育思想，它使學生在計算機進行對話的過程中學習。計算機中存有預先測定好的學習計劃，這些預先編制好的課程能夠根據學生回答情況選擇下一步學習的標題或階段，使每個學生以適合自己學習能力的速度進行學習。