高考英語(yǔ)概要寫(xiě)作題目(3)

高考英語(yǔ)概要寫(xiě)作題目

　　上海高考英語(yǔ)概要寫(xiě)作技巧

　　從2017年起，上海英語(yǔ)高考試卷的題型將面臨許多調(diào)整，其中之一便是增加了概要寫(xiě)作(Summary writing)，也有許多人將之稱(chēng)為“小作文”。概要寫(xiě)作分值占據(jù)15分，考查的是考生閱讀和寫(xiě)作的綜合能力。

　　概要寫(xiě)作所給定的語(yǔ)篇一般在200-250字，內(nèi)容豐富多樣，包含故事、時(shí)政、科普等，體裁以記敘文、說(shuō)明文為主，字?jǐn)?shù)一般要求在50-60字，答案盡量符合“Key points of a summary”的要求。

　　一.正確認(rèn)識(shí)概要寫(xiě)作

　　1. Definition of summary writing(概要寫(xiě)作的定義)

　　By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book.

　　2. Key points of a summary(概要寫(xiě)作的要點(diǎn))

　　Conciseness(簡(jiǎn)要性)：Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information.

　　Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text.

　　Completeness(完整性)：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a condensed manner.

　　Accuracy(準(zhǔn)確性)：To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does.

　　Coherence(連貫性)：Rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow.

　　Objectivity(客觀(guān)性)：Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only.

　　3. Steps to write a summary(概要寫(xiě)作的步驟)

　　1)Skim the text to find out the general theme.

　　2)Analyze the text’s structure to divide it into several sections, find out the main idea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words. (one sentence)

　　3)Write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving minor details.

　　4)Organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence.

　　5)Proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes.

　　4. Beginning of a summary(概要寫(xiě)作的開(kāi)頭)

　　Begin your summary with:

　　*The author’s name

　　*The article’s or chapter’s name

　　*The author’s thesis statement—a general overview(survey) of the article. The Body:

　　points out that……

　　Some other introductory phrases:

　　*(The author) states in (this article) that…

　　*(The author), in (this article) shows that…

　　*In (this article), (the author) writes that…

　　*As (the author) says in (this article),…

　　*The main idea of (the author’s article) is…

　　*The author talks about (explains; describes; reveals; discusses; focuses on) + n.

　　　　高考英語(yǔ)記敘文概要寫(xiě)作點(diǎn)撥

　　記敘文體的閱讀材料，相比其他文體而言，寫(xiě)概要相對(duì)容易。在寫(xiě)概要前，除明確文章主題外，還應(yīng)抓住六個(gè)要素：when, where, who, what, why, how。在這六個(gè)要素中，所占內(nèi)容比重最大的是what。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，記敘文的故事概要可以用這樣的模板來(lái)表示：

　　Who did what by…because…

　　當(dāng)然，不是說(shuō)每個(gè)故事概要都包含how或why，有時(shí)兩者選其一即可。下文是課堂訓(xùn)練的一個(gè)例子：

　　Directions:Please read the following passage and write a summary of it in no more than 60 words.

　　I took a trip to a big lake in Indonesia with my family two years ago. It was really a huge lake with beautiful scenery all around. People were amazed by the endless view in front of our eyes. Later on, unlike other girls, I volunteered to go water-skiing alone. I put on the life jacket, got on the motorboat immediately and started my engine as soon as possible.

　　The lake seemed broad and endless. I was so thrilled(激動(dòng)) to enjoy my trip among the mountains and waters that I sped my motorboat. Then, after some time, I found myself in the middle of theendless lake. A sudden fear came around me. I didn’t know where I was or even how far I had gone from the shore. What was worse, it began to rain and it became very cold and foggy. I rode everywhere but couldn’t find my way back. It was useless for me to cry or shout for help. I was so terrified that I began to think about all kinds of horrible things. After floating on the water helplessly and hopelessly for a long time, suddenly I heard someone calling my name. Soon, a big steamboat sailed to me and they pulled me up to the deck and asked me if I was hurt. I couldn’t say a word but cried in my father’s arms.

　　材料分析：根據(jù)文本內(nèi)容，這是一篇故事類(lèi)的記敘文，要求對(duì)其進(jìn)行概要寫(xiě)作。因此，我們先找出記敘文的六要素：

　　When—two years ago

　　Where—a trip to a big lake in Indonesia

　　Who—“I”, the writer

　　What—got lost; was found

　　Why—go water-skiing alone; too thrilled

　　Result—father came to her rescue

　　列出了要點(diǎn)之后，我們就可以用自己的話(huà)將要點(diǎn)組織起來(lái)，概括成一段約50詞的通順概要：

　　The passage tells us the writer’s experience of adventure. Once the writer was on a trip to a lake where she went water-skiing alone. She was so excited and enjoyed herself that soon she got lost. Fortunately, her father finally came to her rescue.(44 words)

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