高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
知識(shí)和能力是一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)積累起來(lái)的，要注意有扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，要注意復(fù)習(xí)和鞏固，不能急于求成。下面小編給大家分享一些高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)知識(shí)，希望能夠幫助大家，歡迎閱讀!
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。
Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.
有這么能干的人來(lái)幫你,你遲早一定會(huì)成功的。
(such an able man和to help you之間存在著主謂關(guān)系)
=Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.
He seating himself atthe desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
他在書(shū)桌旁坐好后，他母親開(kāi)始給他講故事。
(seating himself at the desk擁有了自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)he，注意是“主格”)
=When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.
由于丟了自行車(chē)鑰匙，他只好步行去學(xué)校。
(lost的邏輯主語(yǔ)是the key，lost也可以用完成式having been lost)
=Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.
(一)不定式“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”
在“邏輯主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可用一個(gè)從句或并列分句來(lái)表達(dá)。
動(dòng)詞不定式用主動(dòng)的形式：
在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。
His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.
他母親今晚要來(lái),他正在忙著準(zhǔn)備飯菜。
(= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.)
—will you go to the concert tonight?
—sorry.So many exerise-books to check,I really can't afford any time.
—你今晚去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)嗎?
—對(duì)不起，有這多的作業(yè)要批，我真的抽不出時(shí)間。
(=Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight,I really can't afford any time.)
The four of us agreed on a division of labour,each to translate a quarter of the book.
我們四人同意分工干，每人翻譯全書(shū)的四分之一。
(=The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.)
Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
種上許多的樹(shù)，花和草后，我們新建的學(xué)校將看上去更美。
(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.)
(二)-ing形式“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”
動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般應(yīng)與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。
Being ill, he went home.
由于生病,他回家了。
(=As he was very ill, he went home.)
Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.
在課桌旁坐好后，他開(kāi)始看雜志。
(= When he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.)
1、表示時(shí)間的-ing形式作“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”
Everyone being ready,the teacher began his class.
每個(gè)人都準(zhǔn)備好后，老師開(kāi)始上課。
(相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句When everyone was ready)
The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated.
每個(gè)人坐好后，主席開(kāi)始開(kāi)會(huì)。
(相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句after everyone was seated)
2、表示原因的-ing形式作“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.
由那個(gè)男孩帶路，我們沒(méi)有困難就找到了那奇怪的洞。
(相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句Because the boy led the way)
Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous.
許多眼睛看著他，他感到有點(diǎn)兒緊張。
(相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句As many eyes were watching him)
【必背】含有being的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
It being National Day today，the streets are very crowded.
今天是國(guó)慶節(jié),街上很擁擠。
(= As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.)
There being no further business to discuss, we all went home.
沒(méi)有別的事可討論，我們都回家了。
(= As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.)
3、表示條件的-ing形式作“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”
Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.
時(shí)間允許的話，我們下星期將進(jìn)行一次野炊。
(相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句If time permits)
My health allowing, I will work far into the night.
我的健康許可的話，我愿工作到深夜。
(相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句If my health allows)
4、表示方式的-ing形式作“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”
The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.
學(xué)生們快樂(lè)地在學(xué)校里走著，每個(gè)人胸前都帶著一張卡。
(相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest)
The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.
男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看著天空。
(相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky)
(三)-ed形式“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”
與邏輯主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式一樣，如果-ed形式的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子的主語(yǔ)不一致的話，就需要用-ed形式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.
該書(shū)是用簡(jiǎn)單英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)的，英語(yǔ)初學(xué)者也能看懂。
(= As the book was written in simple English，English beginners were able to read it.)
The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.
由于工人們的生活條件大大提高，他們工作得更起勁了。
(= As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.)
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
他上課專心聽(tīng)講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。
(= He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.)
The task completed,he had two months' leave.
任務(wù)完成以后，他休了兩個(gè)月的假。
(=When the task had been completed,he had two months' leave.)
【比較】動(dòng)詞不定式表示動(dòng)作沒(méi)有發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生，動(dòng)詞-ed形式表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，動(dòng)詞-ing形式往往表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
The manager looks worried，many things to settle.
經(jīng)理看上去很著急,有這么多的事情要處理。
(事情還沒(méi)有處理，而且是由經(jīng)理本人來(lái)處理，用不定式to settle)
The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.
許多事情已經(jīng)處理好了，經(jīng)理看上去很輕松。
(事情已經(jīng)處理好了，用動(dòng)詞-ed形式settled表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束)
The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.
小孩一邊做飯，一邊看電視。
(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行)
The food cooked, the boy went to bed.
飯做好了，小孩去睡了。
(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有先后，飯已做好，小孩才去睡覺(jué)的)
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)知識(shí)
二、 動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
“邏輯主語(yǔ)+being+其他”是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的“邏輯主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞-ing形式”的一種形式。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，being往往可以被省去，這種省去being的結(jié)構(gòu)，稱之為無(wú)動(dòng)詞“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”。
(一)邏輯主語(yǔ)+名詞
Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.
十個(gè)學(xué)生報(bào)名參加了這次競(jìng)賽，年紀(jì)最小的是個(gè)12歲的男孩。
(the youngest和a boy of 12之間省去了being)
【注意】獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being在下列兩種情況下一般不能省略，一是在“There being +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，二是在邏輯主語(yǔ)是代詞的情況下。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
由于沒(méi)有公共汽車(chē)，我們只好走回家。
It being Sunday, all the offices are closed.
因?yàn)槭切瞧谌眨修k公室都關(guān)門(mén)。
(二)邏輯主語(yǔ)+形容詞
He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.
他睡眼惺忪地轉(zhuǎn)向我。
(his eyes和sleepy之間省去了being)
= He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy.
He stood there, his mouth wide open.
他站在那里，嘴張得大大的。
(his mouth和wide open之間省去了being)
= He stood there, and his mouth was wide open.
(三)邏輯主語(yǔ)+副詞
School over, we all went home.
放學(xué)了，我們都回家了。
(school和over之間省去了being)
= School was over, and we all went home.
He sat at his desk, his shoes off.
他坐在課桌旁，沒(méi)穿鞋子。
(his shoes和off之間省去了being)
= He sat at his desk and his shoes were off.
(四)邏輯主語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)
He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us.
他站在黑板面前，背對(duì)著我們。
= He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us.
The new teacher came in, a smile on her face.
新老師面帶微笑走了進(jìn)來(lái)。
= The new teacher came in and she had a smile on her face.
The teacher came into the classroom，a rule in his hand.
老師走進(jìn)教室，手里拿著一把直尺。
= The teacher came in and a ruler was in his hand.
【提示】在“邏輯主語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)里，如果名詞用單數(shù)，可以不用冠詞，同時(shí)介詞短語(yǔ)里的限定詞也可省略。
The music teacher stood at the door, violin in hand.
音樂(lè)老師站在門(mén)口,手里拿著一把小提琴。
(=The music teacher stood at the door, a violinin his hand.)
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
三、with/without 引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
介詞with/without +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，上面討論過(guò)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種情況在此結(jié)構(gòu)中都能體現(xiàn)。
(一)with+名詞代詞+形容詞
He doesn't like to sleep with the windows open.
他不喜歡開(kāi)著窗子睡覺(jué)。
= He doesn't like to sleep when the windows are open.
He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.
他站在雨中，衣服濕透了。
= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.
【注意】在“with+名詞代詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，也可用已形容詞化的-ing形式或-ed形式。
With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.
由于兒子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快樂(lè)。
With his father well-known, the boy didn't want to study.
父親如此出名，兒子不想讀書(shū)。
(二)with+名詞代詞+副詞
Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.
所有的燈都打開(kāi)時(shí)，我們的學(xué)校看上去更美。
= Our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are on.
The boy was walking, with his father ahead.
父親在前，小孩在后走著。
=The boy was walking and his father was ahead.
(三)with+名詞代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)
He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.
或He stood at the door, computer in hand.
他站在門(mén)口，手里拿著一部電腦。
= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.
Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.
或Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.
文森特坐在課桌前，嘴里銜著一支筆。
= Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.
(四)with+名詞代詞+動(dòng)詞的-ed形式
With his homework done, Peter went out to play.
作業(yè)做好了，彼得出去玩了。
= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.
With the signal given, the train started.
信號(hào)發(fā)出了，火車(chē)開(kāi)始起動(dòng)了。
= After the signal was given, the train started.
I wouldn’t dare go home without the job finished.
工作還沒(méi)完成，我不敢回家。
= I wouldn’t dare go home because the job was not finished.
(五)with+名詞代詞+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式
The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.
有這么多的孩子坐在他周?chē)悄凶痈械胶芨吲d。
= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him.
The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.
小女孩把盒子藏了起來(lái)，沒(méi)有人知道它在哪里。
= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.
他趁沒(méi)人注意的時(shí)候，從窗口溜走了。
= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.
(六)with+名詞代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式
The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.
有這么多的家庭作業(yè)要做，小男孩看上去很不開(kāi)心。
= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.
The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.
有這么多的名勝可參觀，小孩很激動(dòng)。
=The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.
【提示】在with/without的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，多數(shù)情況下with能省略，但without不能省略。
高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法
1、要學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，更重要的是從語(yǔ)言本身出發(fā)，深入鉆研其中的奧秘，從字、詞、句、章各方面逐個(gè)加強(qiáng)練習(xí)，嚴(yán)守“四勤”、“四多”的原則，輕輕松松取得好成績(jī)。
2、高中教材中英語(yǔ)詞匯的記憶應(yīng)達(dá)到熟練，詞匯是構(gòu)成英語(yǔ)的最基本的要素。如果不記憶詞匯猶如一棟大樓而沒(méi)有磚塊一樣。
3、教材的把握程度。高中英語(yǔ)教材有一些很經(jīng)典的課文，最好把課文背下來(lái)靈活運(yùn)用，這種方法雖然比較笨，但的確很有效。
4、句型的總結(jié)。善于總結(jié)一些典型的句型，歸納在一起，爭(zhēng)取做到舉一反三，觸類旁通的程度。注意一些重要的動(dòng)詞的用法。
5、平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，應(yīng)多聽(tīng)一些磁帶，多記一些東西。
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